Saturday 11 January 2014

The 100+ Scientific Studies/100+ Opracowań Naukowych...


"Who told you they are bad for you? Have you been spending too much time on the Internet, perhaps?", admonishes you your doctor.

"Kto mówi, że 'szkodzą'? Wygląda na to, że zbyt dużo czasu spędza Pan/Pani na czytanie w internecie", obrusza się Twój lekarz.

"Well, they say they are bad for you... They really are... So bad, doctor...", you try to defend yourself, both the rational part of your mind and your intuition have been hitting the red alert button for a long time now. "I have been taking drugs for the last [insert the number] years, and, instead of things clearing up, it is getting progressively worse [insert the list of severe physical and emotional symptoms you are suffering from: from akathisia to anhedonia to derealisation]. 'I' am not 'I' any more, doctor."

"Tak mówią... Bo one naprawdę szkodzą... Sam/a to czuję....", próbujesz się bronić. Już od dłuższego czasu czułeś, że coś jest nie tak. "Przyjmuję te środki od [tu wstaw liczbę] lat, ale zamiast poprawy, czuję się coraz gorzej [tu wymień listę bolesnych fizycznych i psychicznych objawów, na jakie cierpisz]. "Nie jestem już sobą. Cierpię tak bardzo, i czuję się zupełnie oderwany od rzeczywistości."


And you are right. In recent decades, there have been numerous scientific studies that unequivocally confirm the destructive properties of medical psychoactive drugs.

I masz rację. W ostatnich kilku dekadach powstało wiele opracowań naukowych, których wyniki potwierdzają ponad wszelką wątpliwość destrukcyjne działanie "leków" psychotropowych.

The studies below are by no means exhaustive.

Poniższa lista to jedynie czubek "lodowej góry" naukowych opracowań na ten temat.

All credit goes to Robert Whitaker. For more detailed analysis of the studies below, visit this site:
http://robertwhitaker.org/robertwhitaker.org/Anatomy%20of%20an%20Epidemic.html

Lista badań stworzona została przez Roberta Whitakera. Bardziej szczegółowa ich analiza znajduje się na stronie: http://robertwhitaker.org/robertwhitaker.org/Anatomy%20of%20an%20Epidemic.html

1-22 Depressogenic and addictive qualities of antidepressants
23-41 The destructive effects of psychotropics in children
42-73 Drugs increasing the likelihood that a person diagnosed with schizophrenia will become chronically ill
74-97 Drugs making people suffering from bipolar disorder chronically ill
98-107. The addictive properties of benzodiazepines

1-22   Depresogenne oraz uzależniające właściwości antydepresantów
23-41 Destrukcyjne działanie środków psychotropowych w leczeniu dzieci
42-73 Przyjmowanie środków psychotropowych przez osoby cierpiące na schizofrenię i zwiększenie ryzyka przejścia epizodu schizofrenicznego w stan chroniczny
74-97 Przyjmowanie środków psychotropowych przez osoby cierpiące na cyklofrenię (zaburzenia afektywne dwubiegunowe) i zwiększenia ryzyka przejścia choroby w stan chroniczny
98-107  Właściwości uzależniające benzodiazepin



1. Recurrent vital depressions. Van Scheyen, J. Psychiatry, Neurologia, Neurochirugia 76 (1973):93-112.
2. An evaluation of continuation therapy with tricyclic antidepressants in depressive illness. Mindham, R. Psychological Medicine 3 (1973):5-17.
3. Maintenance therapy with amitriptyline. Stein, M. American Journal of Psychiatry 137 (1980):370-1.
4. Drug therapy in the prevention of recurrences in uinpolar and bipolar affective disorders . Prien, R. Archives of General Psychiatry 41 (1984):1096-1104.
5. Course of depressive symptoms over followup. Shea, M. Archives of General Psychiatry 49 (1992):782-87.
6. Discontinuing antidepressant treatment in major depression. Viguera, A. Harvard Review of Psychiatry 5 (1998): 293-305.
7. Do antidepressant and antianxiety drugs increase chronicity in affective disorders? Fava, G. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics 61 (1994):125-31.
8. Can long-term treatment with antidepressant drugs worsen the course of depression? Fava, G. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 64 (2003):123-33.
9. Holding on, depression, sensitization by antidepressant drugs, and the prodigal experts. Fava, G. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics 64 (1995):57-61.
10. Potential sensitising effects of antidepressant drugs on depression. Fava, G. CNS Drugs 12 (1999): 247-56.
11. Risks and implications of interrupting maintenance psychotropic drug therapy. Baldessarini, R. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics 63 (1005):137-41.
12. Can long-term andtidepressant use by depressogenic. El-Mallakh, R. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 60 (1999):263.
13. Does incomplete recovery from first lifetime major depressive episode herald a chronic course of illness. Judd, L. American Journal of Psychiatry 157 (2000):1501-4.
14. One-year clinical outcomes of depressed public sector outpatients. Rush, J. Biological Psychiatry 56 (2004):46-53.
15. The Star D Project Results. Warden, D. Current Psychiatry Reports 9 (2007):449-59.
16. Outcome of anxiety and depressive disorders in primary care. Ronalds, C. British Journal of Psychiary 171 (1997): 427-3.
17. Treatment of depression related to recurrence. Weel-Baumgarten, E. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics 25 (2000):61-6.
18. The impact of antidepressant treatment on population health. Patten, S. Population Health Metrics 2 (2004):9-16.
19. The effects of detection and treatment on the outcome of major depressoin in primary care. Goldberg, D. British Journal of General Practice 48 (1998):1840-4.
20. Pattern of antidepressant use and duration of depresson-related absence from work. Dewa, S. British Journal of Psychiatry 183 (2003):507-13.
21. Characteristics and significance of untreated major depressive disorder. Coryell, W. American Journal of Psychiatry 152 (1995):1124-9.
22. The naturalistic course of major depression in the absence of somatic therapy. Posternak, M. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 194 (2006):324-9.
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23. NIMH collaborative multisite multimodal treatment study of ADHD. Richters, J. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 34 (1995):987-1000.
24. 3-year followup of the NIMH MTA Study. Jensen, P. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 46 (2007):989-1002.
25. Mta at 8 years. Molina, B. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 48 (2009):484-500.
26. Selective serotonin reuptake inibitors in childhood depression. Whittington, C. The Lancet 363 (2004):1341-5.
27. Depressing research. Editorial, The Lancet 363 (2004):1335.
28. Efficacy and safety of antidepressants for children and adolescents. Jureidini, J. British Medical Journal 328 (2004):879-83.
29. Psychotic side effects of stimulants. Cherland, E. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 44 (1999):811-3.
30. Prior stimulant treatment in adolescents with bipolar disorder. DelBello, M. Bipolar Disorders 3 (2001):53-57.
31. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and juvenile mania. Biederman, J. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 35 (1996):997-1008.
32. Pediatric-onset bipolar disorder. Faeeda, G. Harvard Review of Psychiatry 3 (1995):171-95.
33. Bipolar disorder at prospective follow-up of adults who had prepubertal major depressive disorder. Geller, B. American Journal of Psychiatry 158 (2001):125-7.
34. Antidepressant exposure in bipolar children. Cicero, D. Psychiatry 66 (2003):317-22.
35. Pediatric bipolar disorder. Faedda, G. Bipolar Disorders 6 (2004):305-13.
36. Treatment-emergent mania in pediatric bipolar disorder. Faedda, G. Journal of Affective Disorders 82 (2004):149-58.
37. Long-term implications of early onset in bipolar disorder. Perlis, R. Biological Psychiatry 55 (2002):875-81.
38. Course and outcome of bipolar spectrum disorder in children and adolescents_ A review of the existing literature. Birmaher, B. Development and Psychophathology 18 (2006):1023-35.
39. Twelve-month outcome of adolescents with bipolar disorder following first hospitalization for a manic or mixed episode. DelBello, M. American Journal of Psychiatry 164 (2007):582-90.
40. Psychosocial functioning among bipolar youth. Goldstein, T. Journal of Affective Disorders 114 (2009):174-83.
41. Two-year prospective follow-up of children with a prepubertal and early adolescent bipolar disorder phenotype. American Journal of Psychiatry 159 (2002):927-33.
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42. One Year After Discharge. Schooler, N. American Journal of Psychiatry 123 (1967): 986-995.
43. Relapse in Chronic Schizophrenics Following Abrupt Withdrawal of Tranquilizing Medication. Prien, R. British Journal of Psychiatry 115 (1968): 679-86.
44. Discontinuation of Chemotherapy for Chronic Schizophrenics. Prien, R. Hospital and Community Psychiatry 22 (1971): 20-23.
45. Comparison of Two Five-Year Follow-up Studies. Bockoven, J. American Journal of Psychiatry 132 (1975): 796-801.
46. The Treatment of Acute Schizophrenia Without Drugs. Carpenter, W. American Journal of Psychiatry 134 (1977): 14-20.
47. Are There Schizophrenics for Whom Drugs May be Unnecessary or Contraindicated? Rappaport, M. International Pharmacopsychiatry 13 (1978):100-111.
48. A Non-Neuroleptic Treatment for Schizophrenia. Mathews, S. Schizophrenia Bulletin 5 (1979), 322-332.
49. Community Residential Treatment for Schizophrenia. Mosher, L. Hospital and Community Psychiatry 29 (1978), 715-723
50. The Treatment of Acute Psychosis Without Neuroleptics. Mosher, L. International Journal of Social Psychiatry 41 (1995), 157-173.
51. Treatment of Acute Psychosis Without Neuroleptics. Bola, J. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 191 (2003):219-229.
52. Maintenance Antipsychotic Therapy. Cole, J. American Journal of Psychiatry 132 (1977): 32-6.
53. Dopaminergic Supersensitivity After Neuroleptics. Muller, P. Psychopharmacology 60 (1978):1-11.
54. Neuroleptic-Induced Supersensitivity Psychosis: Chouinard, G. American Journal of Psychiatry 135 (1978):1409-1410.
55. Neuroleptic-Induced Supersensitivity Psychosis: Chouinard, G. American Journal of Psychiatry 137 (1980):16-20.
56. Neuroleptic-induced supersensitivity psychosis, the “hump course,” and tardive dyskinesia. Chouinard, G. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 2 (1982):143-4.
57. The International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia. Leff, J. Psychological Medicine 22 (1992):131-145.
58. Schizophrenia: Manifestations, Incidence and Course in Different Cultures. Jablensky, A. Psychological Medicine, supplement 20 (1992):1-95.
59. The Vermont Longitudinal Study of Persons With Severe Mental Illness, II. Harding, C. American Journal of Psychiatry 144 (1987):727-734.
60. Empirical Correction of Seven Myths About Schizophrenia With Implications for Treatment. Harding, C. ACTA Psychiatrica Scandinavica 90, suppl. 384 (1990):140-146.
61. One Hundred Years of Schizophrenia. Hegerty, J. American Journal of Psychiatry 151 (1994):1409-1416.
62. Increase in Caudate Nuclei Volumes of First-Episode Schizophrenia Patients Taking Antipsychotic Drugs. Chakos, M. American Journal of Psychiatry 151 (1994):1430-1436.
63. Neuroleptics in Progressive Structural Brain Abnormalities in Psychiatric Illness. Madsen, A. The Lancet 32 (1998):784-785.
64. Subcortical Volumes in Neuroleptic Naive and Treated Patients With Schizophrenia. Gur, R. American Journal of Psychiatry 155 (1998):1711-1717.
65. A Followup Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Schizophrenia. Gur, R. Archives of General Psychiatry 55 (1998):145-152.
66. Tardive Dysinesia in Patients Treated with Major Neuroleptics. Crane, G. American Journal of Psychiatry 124, supplement (1968):40-47.
67. Clinical Psychopharmacology in its 20th Year. Crane, G. Science 181 (1973):124-128.
68. Functional Impairment in Tardive Dyskinesia. Yassa, R. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 80 (1989): 64-67.
69. Central Determinants of Attention and Mood Disorder in Tardive Dyskinesia. Myslobodsky, M. Brain and Cognition 23 (1993):88-101.
70. Cognitive Dysfunction in Schizophrenia. Waddington, J. Brain and Cognition 23 (1993):56-70.
71. The Effect of Atypical versus Typical Antipsychotics on Tardive Dyskinesia: De Leon, J. Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clinical Neurosciences 257 (2007):169-172.
72. The Neuropathologic Effects of Antipsychotic Drugs. Harrison, P. Schizophrenia Research 40 (1999):87-99.
73. Factors Involved in Outcome and Recovery in Schizophrenia Patients Not on Antipsychotic Medications. Harrow, M. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 195 (2007): 407-414.

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74. Substance abuse in first-episode bipolar 1 disorder. Baethge, C. American Journal of Psychiatry 162 (2005):1008-10.
75. Association between illicit drug and alcohol use and first manic episode. Frank, E. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 86 (2007):395-400.
76. The effects of antecedent substance abuse on the development of first-episode psychotic mania. Strakowski, S. Journal of Psychiatric Research 30 (1996):59-68.
77. Overdiagnosis of bipolar disorder among substance use disorder inpatients with mood instability. Goldberg, J. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 69 (2008):1751-7.
78. Does cannabis use predict the first incidence of mood and anxiety disorders in the adult population. Van Laar, M. Addiction 102 (2007):1251-60.
79. Age effects on antidepressant-induced manic conversion. Martin, A. Archives of Pediatric Adolescent Medicine 158 (2004): 773-80.
80. Risk for bipolar illness in patients initially hospitalized for unipolar depression. Goldberg, J. American Journal of Psychiatry 158 (2001):1265-70.
81. The prevalence and disability of bipolar spectrum disorders in the US population Judd, L. Journal of Affective Disorders 73 (2003):123-31.
82. Toward a re-definition of subthreshold bipolarity. Angst, J. Journal of Affective Disorders 73 (2003):133-46.
83. Rapid cyclers, temperament, and antidepressants. Kukopulos, A. Comprehensive Psychiatry 24 (1983):249-58.
84. Diagnosing bipolar disorder and the effect of antidepressants. Ghaemi, N. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 61 (2000):804-9.
85. Antidepressants in bipolar disorder. Ghaemi, N. Bipolar Disorders 5 (2003 (421-33).
86. Use of antidepressants to treat depression in bipolar disorder. El-Mallakh, R. Psychiatric Services 53 (2002):580-4.
87. Duration and stability of the rapid-cycling course. Koukopoulos, A. Journal of Affective Disorders 72 (2003):75-85.
88. Antidepressant-associated chronic irritable dysphoria in bipolar disorder. El-Mallakh, R. Journal of Affective Disorders 84 (2005):267-72.
89. The prospective course of rapid-cycling bipolar disorder. Schneck, C. American Journal of Psychiatry 165 (2008):37-7.
90. The long-term natural history of the weekly symptomatic status of bipolar I disorder. Judd, L. Archives of General Psychiatry 59 (2002):530-7.
91. A prospective investigation of the natural history of the long-term weekly symptomatic status of bipolar II disorder.. Judd, L. Archives of General Psychiatry 60 (2003):261-9.
92. 12-month outcome of patients with bipolar disorder following hospitalization for a manic or mixed episode. Keck, P. American Journal of Psychiatry 155 (1998):646-52.
93. Demographic and clinical characteristics of individuals in a bipolar disorder case registry. Kupfer, D. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 63 (2002):120-5.
94. Outpatients with schizophrenia and bipolar I disorder.. Dickerson, F. Psychiatry Research 102 (2001):21-27.
95. Functional impairment and cognition in bipolar disorder. Zarate, C. Psychiatric Quarterly 71 (2000):309-29.
96. Disability and its treatment in bipolar disorders. Huxley, N. Bipolar Disorders 9 (2007):183-96.
97. The increasing medical burden in bipolar disorder. Kupfer, D. JAMA 293293 (2005): 2528-30.
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98. Addiction to diazepam. Maletzky, B. International Journal of the Addictions 11 (1976):95-115.
99. Rebound Insomnia. Kales, A. Science 201 (1978):1039-40.
100. Withdrawal from long-term benzodiazepine treatment. Petursson, H. British Medical Journal 283 (1981):643-4.
101. Benzodiazepine withdrawal. Ashton, H. British Medical Journal 288 (1984): 1135-1140.
102. Protracted withdrawal syndromes from benzodiazepines. Ashton, H. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 9 (1991):19-28.
103. Psychomotor Performance of Long-Term Benzodiazepine Users Before, During, and After Benzodiazepine Discontinuation. Rickels, K. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 19 (1999):107-13.
104. Self-reported depressive symptoms following treatment with corticosteroids and sedative-hypnotics. Patten, S. International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 26 (1996):15-24.
105. Anxiety and depressive disorders in 4,425 long term benzodiazepine users in general practice. Pelissolo, A. Encephale 33 (2007):32-8.
106. Cognitive impairment in long-term benzodiazepine users. Golombok, S. Psychological Medicine 18 (1988):365-74.
107. Cognitive effects of long-term benzodiazepine use. Barker, M. CNS Drugs 18 (2004):37-48.
108. Tranquillisers: prevalence, predictors and possible consequences. Ashton, H. British Journal of Addiction 84 (1989):541-6.


There is no doubt that in the coming years this list will be getting longer. The truth about medical psychoactive drugs is only starting to break out.

Ponad wszelką wątpliwość powyższa lista będzie się wydłużać. Prawda o destrukcyjnym działaniu środków psychotropowych zaczyna dopiero wychodzić na światło dzienne.